Ultrasound, or simply USG (Ultrasonography), has become one of the best imaging studies in gynecology. It holds a significant place in diagnosing, monitoring, and even treating different gynecological conditions. Unlike the other modes of imaging, the using of ultrasound is noninvasive; it is very safe, much cheaper, and has fewer risks since it does not involve radiation, making it the preferred choice by many doctors and patients. Gynecological ultrasound means visualization of the organ system that comprises the female reproductive system including uterus, ovary, cervix, and fallopian tubes. Depending upon the specific clinical reason or requirement, several types are involved in usg gynecology
1. Transabdominal Ultrasound (TAUS)
Overview
The most regularly performed form of USG gynecological scanning is transabdominal ultrasound. The probe (transducer) is put over the lower abdomen, and the sound waves are translated into images of the pelvic organs, helping in the diagnosis of various diseases.
When is it Used?
- For an initial evaluation of pelvic pain or abnormalities.
- To examine large masses in the pelvis.
- During pregnancy to monitor fetal growth and development.
- When a comprehensive view of the uterus and ovaries is needed.
Preparation
Patients are usually advised to have a full bladder during the procedure. A full bladder pushes the bowel out of the way, providing a clearer image of the pelvic organs.
Dr. Zaib Qureshi – Obstetrics and Gynecology Specialist
2. Transvaginal Ultrasound (TVUS)
Overview
Transvaginal ultrasound involves inserting a special probe into the vagina to get a closer and more detailed image of the reproductive organs. This type of usg gynecology
When is it Used?
- To assess early pregnancy or detect ectopic pregnancies.
- For a more detailed examination of ovarian cysts, fibroids, or uterine abnormalities.
- In cases of unexplained infertility or irregular bleeding.
- To measure the endometrial thickness in cases of abnormal uterine bleeding.
Advantages
Since the probe is closer to the organs, transvaginal ultrasound provides clearer and more detailed images compared to transabdominal ultrasound.
3. 3D and 4D Ultrasound
Overview
Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound creates a volumetric image of the reproductive organs, while four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound shows real-time motion, essentially adding a time component to the 3D image.
When is it Used?
- For detailed assessment of uterine anomalies, such as septate or bicornuate uterus.
- To evaluate ovarian masses and cysts in detail.
- During pregnancy, to assess fetal development, especially facial features and limbs.
- To visualize congenital malformations of the reproductive tract.
Benefits
3D and 4D ultrasound can provide highly detailed images, which are useful for both diagnostic purposes and patient counseling.
4. Doppler Ultrasound
Overview
Doppler ultrasound, which is a highly specific usg gynecology
When is it Used?
- To assess blood flow in ovarian masses, helping to distinguish between benign and malignant growths.
- During pregnancy, to monitor placental and fetal blood flow.
- In the evaluation of pelvic varicosities (enlarged veins).
- For cases of ovarian torsion, where blood supply to the ovary may be compromised.
Types of Doppler Ultrasound
- Color Doppler: Provides a color-coded image of blood flow.
- Power Doppler: Offers more sensitive detection of slow blood flow.
- Spectral Doppler: Shows the flow of blood over time, useful for measuring the speed and direction of blood flow.
5. Sonohysterography (Saline Infusion Sonography)
Overview
Sonohysterography involves injecting sterile saline into the uterine cavity during an ultrasound. The saline enhances the image contrast, making it easier to evaluate the uterine lining and cavity.
When is it Used?
- To investigate causes of abnormal uterine bleeding.
- For diagnosing endometrial polyps, submucosal fibroids, or adhesions.
- To evaluate the uterine cavity in women with recurrent miscarriages or infertility.
Advantages
Sonohysterography provides a clearer view of the uterine cavity compared to standard transvaginal ultrasound, making it highly useful in specific gynecological conditions.
6. Follicular Monitoring Ultrasound
Overview
Follicular monitoring is a series of transvaginal ultrasounds performed over several days to track the development of ovarian follicles during a woman’s menstrual cycle.
When is it Used?
- In fertility treatments, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) or ovulation induction.
- To assess the timing of ovulation for women trying to conceive.
- To monitor ovarian response during fertility medications.
Benefits
It helps in follicular monitoring to ascertain the optimal time for conception whether naturally or through assisted reproductive technologies.
7. Gynecological Ultrasound-Guided Procedures
Overview
Apart from diagnostic scans, ECSG gynecology is also used to direct a few minimally invasive gynecological procedures. Precision and risk minimization during procedures will be ensured with this.
Common Procedures
- Ultrasound-guided biopsy: To collect tissue samples from abnormal masses for further testing.
- Ultrasound-guided aspiration: To drain cysts or fluid-filled structures.
- Hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (HyCoSy): A procedure used to assess the fallopian tubes’ patency (openness) in infertility evaluations.
Conclusion
Usg gynecology
Know about the different types of ultrasound tests conducted and their purposes, which will help you get over such anxious moments and prepare you for the experience should your healthcare provider suggest doing a usg gynecology